التوسل المشروع وغير المشروع
Legislated and Non-Legislated Tawassul
By: Dr. Issah Abeebllahi Obalowu
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَابْتَغُوا إِلَيْهِ الْوَسِيلَةَ وَجَاهِدُوا فِي سَبِيلِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ﴾ [المائدة: 35].
"O you who believe! Do your duty to Allah and fear Him. Seek (wasīlah) the means of approach to Him, and strive hard in His Cause as much as you can. So that you may be successful."
👉Tawassul: (Linguistically): a means by which one draws closer to something.
Technically: Tawassul is seeking closeness to Allah through a legislated means.
Types of Legislated Tawassul:
1. Using Allah’s Names and Attributes:
Example: “O Allah, forgive me, for You are the Most Forgiving, Most Merciful.” Allah says: “And to Allah belong the Most Beautiful Names, so call upon Him by them.”
2. Using righteous deeds:
Example: “O Allah, I did this deed seeking Your pleasure, so fulfill my need.” The hadith of the three men trapped in the cave established this fact.
3. Asking a righteous living person to make du‘ā’
The Companions used to ask the Prophet ﷺ to make du‘ā’ for them. Such as Umar asked al-Abbas to make dua during istiqa.
Non-Legislated Tawassul
1. Using the dead as intermediaries
“O so-and-so, intercede for me.”
👉 Problem: Directing du‘ā’ to other than Allah
2. Calling upon other than Allah directly
Example: calling saints or the dead
👉 This may be:
(major shirk) if one believes they independently help
3. Tawassul by the status (rank) of the Prophet (disputed)
👉 “O Allah, by the status of the Prophet…”
(Scholarly Opinions)
Some scholars do not permit Tawassul by status of the Prophet (saw). While other scholars see it as permissible. i.e., “O Allah, by the status of Your Prophet answer my dua.”
However, all the scholars do not allow calling upon the Prophet directly after his death, such as saying: “O Messenger of Allah, help me solve my problem”
عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلاً، ضَرِيرَ الْبَصَرِ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ ادْعُ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُعَافِيَنِي . قَالَ " إِنْ شِئْتَ دَعَوْتُ وَإِنْ شِئْتَ صَبَرْتَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكَ " . قَالَ فَادْعُهُ . قَالَ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَتَوَضَّأَ فَيُحْسِنَ وُضُوءَهُ وَيَدْعُوَ بِهَذَا الدُّعَاءِ " اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ وَأَتَوَجَّهُ إِلَيْكَ بِنَبِيِّكَ مُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيِّ الرَّحْمَةِ إِنِّي تَوَجَّهْتُ بِكَ إِلَى رَبِّي فِي حَاجَتِي هَذِهِ لِتُقْضَى لِي اللَّهُمَّ فَشَفِّعْهُ فِيَّ " .
`Uthman bin Hunaif narrated that a blind man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said: Supplicate to Allah to heal me.” He (ﷺ) said: “If you wish I will supplicate for you, and if you wish, you can be patient, for that is better for you.” He said: “Then supplicate to Him.” He said: “So he ordered him to perform Wudu’ and to make his Wudu’ complete, and to supplicate with this supplication: ‘O Allah, I ask You and turn towards You by Your Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), the Prophet of Mercy. Indeed, I have turned to my Lord, by means of You, concerning this need of mine, so that it can be resolved, so O Allah so accept his intercession for me (Allāhumma innī as’aluka wa atawajjahu ilaika binabiyyka Muḥammadin nabi-ir-raḥmati, innī tawajjahtu bika ila rabbī fī ḥājatī hādhihī lituqḍā lī, Allāhumma fashaffi`hu fīyya).’”
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